Jumat, 15 November 2013

Telling Story

The Monkey and the Crocodile
Once there lived a monkey in a jamun tree by a river. The monkey was alone - he had no friends, no family, but he was happy and content. The jamun tree gave him plenty of sweet fruit to eat, and shade from the sun and shelter from the rain.
One day a crocodile came swimming up the river and climbed on to the bank to rest under the monkey's tree. 'Hello', called the monkey, who was a friendly animal. 'Hello', replied the crocodile, surprised. 'Do you know where I can get some food?' he asked. 'I haven't had anything to eat all day - there just don't seem to be any fish left in the river.'
'Well,' said the monkey, 'I don't eat fish so I wouldn't know - but I do have plenty of ripe purple jamuns in my tree. Would you like to try some?' He threw some down to the crocodile. The crocodile was so hungry that he ate up all the jamuns even though crocodiles don't eat fruit. He loved the sweet tangy fruit and shyly asked whether he could have some more. 'Of course', replied the monkey generously, throwing down more fruit. 'Come back whenever you feel like more fruit', he added when the crocodile had eaten his fill.
Description: crocodileAfter that the crocodile would visit the monkey every day. The two animals soon became friends - they would talk and tell each other stories, and eat as much of the sweet jamuns as they wanted. The monkey would throw down all the fruit the crocodile wanted from his tree.
One day the crocodile began talking about his wife and family. 'Why didn't you tell me earlier that you had a wife?' asked the monkey. 'Please take some of the jamuns for her as well when you go back today.' The crocodile thanked him and took some of the fruit for his wife.
The crocodile's wife loved the jamuns. She had never eaten anything so sweet before. 'Imagine', she said, 'how sweet would be the creature who eats these jamuns every day. The monkey has eaten these every day of his life - his flesh would be even sweeter than the fruit.' She asked her husband to invite the monkey for a meal - 'and then we can eat him up' she said happily.
The crocodile was appalled - how could he eat his friend? He tried to explain to his wife that he could not possibly eat the monkey. 'He is my only true friend', he said. But she would not listen - she must eat the monkey. 'Since when do crocodiles eat fruit and spare animals?' she asked. When the crocodile would not agree to eat the monkey, she pretended to fall very sick. 'Only a monkey's heart can cure me', she wailed to her husband. 'If you love me you will get your friend the monkey and let me eat his heart.'
The poor crocodile did not know what to do - he did not want to eat his friend, but he could not let his wife die. At last he decided to bring the monkey to his wife.
'O dear friend', he called as soon as reached the jamun tree. ' My wife insists that you come to us for a meal. She is grateful for all the fruit that you have sent her, and asks that I bring you home with me.' The monkey was flattered, but said he could not possibly go because he did not know how to swim. 'Don't worry about that', said the crocodile. 'I'll carry you on my back.' The monkey agreed and jumped onto the crocodile's back.
The crocodile swam with him out into the deep wide river. When they were far away from the bank and the jamun tree, he said, 'My wife is very ill. The only thing that will cure her is a monkey's heart. So, dear friend, this will be the end of you and of our friendship.' The monkey was horrified. What could he do to save himself? He thought quickly and said 'Dear friend, I am very sorry to hear of your wife's illness and I am glad that I will be able to help her. But I have left my heart behind on the jamun tree. Do you think we could go back so that I can fetch it for your wife?'
Description: monkeyThe crocodile believed the monkey. He turned and swam quickly to the jamun tree. The monkey leaped off his back and into the safety of his tree. 'False and foolish friend,' he called. 'Don't you know that we carry our hearts within us? I will never trust you again or ever give you fruit from my tree. Go away and don't come back again.'
The crocodile felt really foolish - he had lost a friend and a supply of good sweet fruit. The monkey had saved himself because he had thought quickly. He realised that a monkey and a crocodile could never be true friends - crocodiles preferred to eat monkeys rather than be friends with them.

Sejarah microprocessor

Sejarah Perkembangan Microprocessor

*      1904 :  Dioda tabung pertama kali diciptakan oleh seorang ilmuwan dari Inggris yang bernama Sir John Ambrose Fleming (1849-1945)

*      1906 :  Ditemukan trioda hasil pengembangan dioda tabung oleh seorang ilmuwan Amerika yang bernama Dr. Lee De Forest. Yang kemudian terciptalah tetroda dan pentode.
*      Akan tetapi penggunaan dari tabung hampa tersebut tergeser pada tahun 1960 setelah ditemukannya komponen semikonduktor.

*      1947 :  Transistor diciptakan di labolatorium Bell.

*      1965 : Gordon Moore dari Fairchild semiconductor dalam sebuah artikel untuk
*      majalan elektronik mengatakan bahwa chip semikonduktor berkembang dua kali lipat setiap dua tahun selama lebih dari tiga dekade.

*      1968 :  Moore, Robert Noyce dan Andy Grove menemukan Intel Corp. untuk menjalankan bisnis “INTegrated Electronics.”

*      1969 :  Intel mengumumkan produk pertamanya, RAM statis 1101, metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) pertama di dunia. Ia memberikan sinyal pada berakhirnya era memori magnetis.

*      1971 :  Intel meluncurkan mikroprosesor pertama di dunia, 4-bit 4004, yang didesain oleh Federico Faggin.

Gb. Microprocessor 404

*      1972 :  Intel mengumumkan prosesor 8-bit 8008. Bill Gates muda dan Paul Allen coba mengembangkan bahasa pemograman untuk chip tersebut, namun saat itu masih kurang kuat.

*      1974 :  Intel memperkenalkan prosesor 8-bit 8080, dengan 4.500 transistor yang memiliki kinerja 10 kali pendahulunya.



*      1975 :  Chip 8080 menemukan aplikasi PC pertamanya pada Altair 8800, sekaligus merevolusi PC. Gates dan Allen sukses mengembangkan bahasa dasar Altair, yang kemudian menjadi Microsoft Basic, untuk 8080.



*      1976 : Arsitektur x86 mengalami kemunduran saat Steve Jobs dan Steve Wozniak memperkenalkan Apple II computer dengan menggunakan prosesor 8-bit Motorola 6502.

*      1978 :  Intel memperkenalkan mikroprosesor 16-bit 8086 yang kelak menjadi standar industri pada tanggal 8 Juni.
*      1979 :  Intel memperkenalkan versi dengan harga yang lebih murah dari 8086, yaitu 8088 dengan 8-bit bus.

*      1980 :  Intel memperkenalkan 8087 math co-processor.

*      1981 :  IBM memilih 8088 untuk menjalankan PC-nya. Seorang eksekutif Intel kemudian mengatakannya sebagai “Kemenangan besar pertama Intel.”

*      1982 :  IBM menandatangani Advanced Micro Devices sebagai sumber kedua Intel untuk mikroprosesor 8086 dan 8088.

*      1982 :  Intel memperkenalkan prosesor 16-bit 80286 dengan 134.000 transistor.

Gb. Mikroprossesor 80286

*      1984 :  IBM mengembangkan PC generasi kedua, 80286-based PC-AT. PC-AT yang menjalankan MS-DOS,
kelak menjadi standar PC selama hampir 10 tahun.

*      1985 :  Intel keluar dari bisnis RAM dinamis untuk fokus pada mikroprosesor, dan akhirnya ia mengeluarkan prosesor 80386, sebuah chip 32-bit dengan 275.000 transistor dan kemampuan menjalankan berbagai macam program sekaligus.

Gb. Mikroprosessor 80386

*      1986 :  Compaq Computer melambungkan IBM dengan PC yang didasarkan pada 80386.

*      1987 :  VIA Technologies didirikan di Fremont, Calif., mereka akan mejual chip set core logic x86.

*      1989 :  80486 diluncurkan, dengan 1.2 juta buah transistor dan built-in math co-processor.
*      Intel telah memprediksi pengembangan prosesor multicore suatu saat pada tahun 2000-an.

*      1990 :  Compaq memperkenalkan server PC pertama, yang dijalankan dengan menggunakan 80486.

*      1993 :  Transistor 3.1 juta, prosesor 66-MHz Pentium dengan teknologi superscalar diperkenalkan.

*      1994 :  AMD dan Compaq membentuk aliansi untuk mendukung Compaq computer dengan mikroprosesor Am486.

*      1997 :  Intel meluncurkan teknologi prosesor 64-bit Epic. Ia juga memperkenalkan MMX Pentium untuk aplikasi prosesor sinyal digital, yang juga mencakup grafik, audio, dan pemrosesan suara.


*      1998 :  Intel memperkenalkan prosesor Celeron di bulan April.

*      1999 :  VIA mengakuisisi Cyrix Corp. dan Centaur Technology, pembuat prosesor x86 dan x87 co-processor.


                                          

*      2000 :  Debut Pentium 4 dengan 42 juta transistor.

*      2003 :  AMD memperkenalkan x86-64, versi 64-bit dari x86 instruction set.

*      2004 :  AMD mendemonstrasikan x86 dual-core processor chip.







*      2005 :  Intel menjual prosesor Dual-Core pertamanya.
*      2006 :  Dell Inc. mengumumkan akan menawarkan system prosesor berbasis AMD.

*      2006 :  Intel Memperkenalkan prosesor core 2 duo di bulan juli.
*      2007 :  Intel memperkenalkan prosesor core 2 quad di bulan januari.


Tabel Perbandingan Mikroprosesor

Nama Prosesor
Tahun Pembuatan
Jumlah Transitor
Micron
Clock Speed
Data Width
8080
1974
6.000
6
2MHz
8bit
8088
1979
29.000
3
5MHz
16bit, 8bit
80286
1982
134.000
1,5
6MHz
16bit
80386
1985
275.000
1,5
16MHz
32bit
80486
1989
1.200.000
1
25MHz
32bit
Pentium
1993
3.100.000
0,8
60MHz
32bit,64bit
Pentium II
1997
7.500.000
0,35
233MHz
32bit.64bit
Pentium III
1999
9.500.000
0,25
450MHz
32bit,64bit
Pentium IV
2000
42-125jt
0,18-0,06
1,3-3,8GHz
32bit,64bit


Jenis – Jenis Prosesor :

Berdasarkan pada banyaknya bit yang dikerjakan oleh ALU (Arithmatic Logic Unit), CPU dibedakan menjadi 4 jenis, yaitu :

  1. Bit Silices Processor
Perancangan cpu dengan menambahkan jumlah irisan bit (slices) untuk applikasi-applikasi tertentu. CPU jenis ini dapat pula dikatakan dengan CPU Custom.
  1. General Purpose CPU
CPU serbaguna atau mikrokomputer dengan semua kemampuan dari mini komputer terdahulu.
3.   I/O Processor
Prosesor khusus yang berfungsi menangani input/output request membantu prose s
  1. Dedicated/Embedded Controller

Membuat mesin menjadi smart, seperti : mesin cuci, microwave, oven, mesin jahit, sistem pengapian otomotif. Prosesor jenis ini lebih dikenal dengan mikrokontroller.